The role of testosterone deficiency in men with heart failure as a factor of changes in interaction between markers of inflammation, tissue fibrosis and advanced glycation end products

Abstract

The aim was to evaluate serum levels of matrix metalloproteinases-9 activity, advanced glycation end products, galectin-3, C-reactive protein in men with heart failure and benign prostatic hyperplasia with testosterone deficiency. Methods. The testosterone level was determined by immunoenzymatic analysis. The fluorescent advanced glycation end products in plasma were analysed by quantitative autofluorescence. The metalloproteinases-9 activity was estimated  densitometrically. The level of galectin-3, C-reactive protein was determined by immunoenzymatic analysis. 1^st group was made up by men with heart failure and benign prostatic hyperplasia with testosterone deficiency; 2^nd group - by men without testosterone deficiency. Results. Men with heart failure and benign prostatic hyperplasia with testosterone deficiency had a significantly higher level of advanced glycation end products,  galectin-3, matrix metalloproteinases -9 activity in comparison with men with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction and testosterone deficiency and controls (p <0.001). Correlation relations between serum advanced glycation end products in patients of the main group with age, ejection fraction, testosterone level were determined – R = 0.48 (p <0.001), R = -0.62 (p <0.001), R = -0.66 (p <0.001) respectively. ROC-analysis results for serum advanced glycation end products have shown the highest degree of sensitivity and specificity (p<0.001). Conclusion.  Middle-aged men with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and benign prostatic hyperplasia with testosterone deficiency are characterised by increased serum advanced glycation end products, galectin-3, matrix metalloproteinases-9 activity, C-reactive protein. Serum advanced glycation end products are potential biomarkers of development heart failure with phenotype of preserved ejection fraction in this cohort.