Diabetes mellitus: glycemic control, weight status, and state of application of hygiene and dietary measures of adult diabetic patients

Ouassila Allam; Meriem Bencharif; Hayet Oulamara; Omayma Boudjelthia; Rihem Khouloud Daoud; Roua Boukhennoufa; Nassim Nouri

Ouassila Allam Institute of Nutrition, Food and Agro-Food Technologies (INATAA), University Constantine 1 Frères Mentouri, Aïn El Bey Road, Constantine, Algeria
Meriem Bencharif Institute of Nutrition, Food and Agro-Food Technologies (INATAA), University Constantine 1 Frères Mentouri, Aïn El Bey Road, Constantine, Algeria
Hayet Oulamara Institute of Nutrition, Food and Agro-Food Technologies (INATAA), University Constantine 1 Frères Mentouri, Aïn El Bey Road, Constantine, Algeria
Omayma Boudjelthia Institute of Nutrition, Food and Agro-Food Technologies (INATAA), University Constantine 1 Frères Mentouri, Aïn El Bey Road, Constantine, Algeria
Rihem Khouloud Daoud Institute of Nutrition, Food and Agro-Food Technologies (INATAA), University Constantine 1 Frères Mentouri, Aïn El Bey Road, Constantine, Algeria
Roua Boukhennoufa Institute of Nutrition, Food and Agro-Food Technologies (INATAA), University Constantine 1 Frères Mentouri, Aïn El Bey Road, Constantine, Algeria
Nassim Nouri Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases (LMD), Ibn Badis University Hospital, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Salah Boubnider University Constantine 3, Ali Mendjeli University City, Constantine, Algeria

Keywords: diabetes mellitus, glycemic control, weight status, hygiene and dietary measures, nutritional knowledge

Abstract

In diabetics, effective management of glycemic control is based on compliance with hygiene and dietary rules. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between glycemic control, weight status, and the application of hygiene and dietary measures among diabetic adults. The study was conducted among 322 diabetic patients. Weight, height and waist circumference (WC) were measured. Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) was used to evaluate the glycemic control: under control diabetes (HbA1c≤7%) uncontrolled diabetes (HbA1c>7%). The questionnaire addressed the socio-demographic characters, diabetes characteristics, nutrition knowledge and application of hygiene and dietary measures in the last three months. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSSS. 50.60% of subjects had uncontrolled diabetes and 50.3% of them had obesity. Obesity was more pronounced in females than males (p=0.0001) and in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) than Type 1 patient’s (p=0.0001). Body mass index (p=0.005) and WC (p=0.0100) were inversely associated to HbA1c values. Application of hygiene and dietary measures was significantly related to HbA1c (p=0.0100) and weight-status (p=0.0200). General nutritional knowledge was limited among diabetic patients. A personalized approach combining a healthy lifestyle and regular medical monitoring of the diabetic patient will help them to adhere to these measures for optimal glycemic control.