Evaluation of pentosidine as an Advanced Glycation End product (AGE) and its association with microalbumin in Diabetic Nephropathy (DN)

Abstract

Diabetic nephropathy is a major end stage kidney disorder, and its timely diagnosis enables in preventing the morbidity and mortality related to it, thereby enhancing the quality of the patients suffering from the condition. Advanced glycated end-products (AGEs) which include pentosidine, are produced by covalent binding of amino groups with glucose or different saccharide derivatives during the non-enzymatic Millard reaction and might make a contribution to Cardiovascular Disease and other long-time complications in Chronic Kidney Disease. Microalbumin is a marker of diabetic nephropathy. To estimate levels of AGE serum pentosidine and microalbumin in diabetic nephropathy cases, diabetic controls and healthy controls. To study the association between serum pentosidine and urinary microalbumin in diabetic nephropathy. A case control study was conducted among 30 diabetic nephropathy patients and 30 diabetic patients and 30 healthy controls. Serum Pentosidine was analyzed by ELISA, microalbumin by turbidimetric method. ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation and multiple regression analysis was done. Serum pentosidine and urine microalbumin were elevated in cases compared to other two groups. Statistically significant positive association was found between Pentosidine and microalbumin in diabetic nephropathy cases. Multiple regression analysis of Pentosidine and microalbumin with different independent variables was statistically not significant. Uncontrolled blood glucose increases the formation of advanced glycation end products, and it is positively correlated with the urine microalbumin level. Hence evaluation of plasma pentosidine, urine microalbumin may play a vital role in predicting the diagnosis and prognosis of prediabetic nephropathy and severe forms of microvascular and macro vascular complications in diabetes mellitus.