Association between vitamin D deficiency and insulin resistance assessed by the triglyceride-glucose index in type 2 diabetes mellitus adults in Northwest Algeria

Mohammed Salim Kalaidji; Nouria Dennouni-Medjati; Yahia Harek; Ahmed Bentelha; Ikram Chebieb; Youssouf Kachekouche; Sarah Kaouadji; Majda Dali-Sahi

Mohammed Salim Kalaidji Department of Biology, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria
Nouria Dennouni-Medjati Department of Biology, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria
Yahia Harek Department of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria
Ahmed Bentelha Department of Biology, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria
Ikram Chebieb Department of Biology, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria
Youssouf Kachekouche Department of Biology, University of Chlef, Chlef, Algeria
Sarah Kaouadji Department of Biology, University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria
Majda Dali-Sahi Department of Biology, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria

Keywords: type 2 diabetes mellitus, vitamin D, index triglyceride–glucose, insulin resistance, Algeria

Abstract

Vitamin D plays a role in glucose metabolism and insulin regulation. This study aimed to assess the association between vitamin D levels and the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, a surrogate marker of insulin resistance (IR), in Algerian adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this cross-sectional study, 105 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were evaluated. Clinical and biochemical data were collected, including fasting glucose, lipid profile, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels. The TyG index was calculated. Associations were analyzed using Spearman correlation and binary logistic regression. Patients with vitamin D deficiency exhibited significantly higher levels of fasting glucose and glycated hemoglobin, with P values of 0.015 and 0.013, respectively. A negative correlation was observed between vitamin D and the TyG index (r=–0.237; P=0.015). Vitamin D >20 ng/mL was associated with a lower risk of elevated TyG index (OR=0.246; 95% CI: 0.080–0.752; P=0.014). Low vitamin D levels were significantly associated with higher TyG index values in T2D patients, suggesting a potential link between vitamin D deficiency and IR in this population.