Relationship between self-care behaviors with psychological wellbeing, perceived social support, and self-efficacy among patients with type 2 diabetes: a structural model analysis

Razieh Farzi Kahekesh; Kourosh Zarea; Mehrnoosh Zakerkish; Saeed Ghanbari; Mohammad Nikzadian

Razieh Farzi Kahekesh Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
Kourosh Zarea Nursing Care Research Center in Chronic Diseases, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
Mehrnoosh Zakerkish Diabetes Research Center, Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
Saeed Ghanbari Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
Mohammad Nikzadian Department of Medical Emergencies, Shoushtar Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shoushtar, Iran

Keywords: mental wellbeing, social support, self-efficacy, self-care, type diabetes 2

Abstract

Effectively managing type 2 diabetes depends on self-care activities. This study aimed to examine the relationship between self-care behaviors and psychological wellbeing, perceived social support, and self-efficacy among patients with type 2 diabetes. The current study was conducted on 300 patients referred to the diabetes clinic. The patients were chosen through a random sampling technique based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected using five questionnaires: the demographic questionnaire, the Toobert Diabetes Self-Care Questionnaire, the Zimet Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Questionnaire, the Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Ryff Psychological Wellbeing Questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 22) and Amos software (version 16). The significance level for the analysis was set at below 0.05 to determine statistical significance. The findings showed that the effects of psychological wellbeing, self-efficacy, and social support had a significant impact on self-care (P<0.001). Self-efficacy was impacted by the medical care dimension and social support from friends and family (P<0.001). An increase in psychological wellbeing led to an increase in self-efficacy (P<0.001) and social support (P<0.001), which in turn led to an improvement in self-care activities. Psychological wellbeing and self-care are closely linked, while social support and self-efficacy have a strong relationship. Accordingly, to enhance the self-care behaviors of patients with type 2 diabetes, it is essential to engage in thorough planning and offer counseling aimed at improving psychological health, fostering social support, and improving their ability to manage their condition.