Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and dyslipidemia in rural and urban patients from Faridabad, India

Umesh Kumar Sharma; Meenu Pujani; J Anuradha; Bhawna Kalra

Umesh Kumar Sharma Department of Biochemistry, NIMS Institute of Allied Medical Science and Technology, NIMS University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
Meenu Pujani Department of Laboratory Services, Metro Heart Institute with Multispecialty, Faridabad, India
J Anuradha Department of Laboratory Services, Metro Heart Institute with Multispecialty, Faridabad, India
Bhawna Kalra Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurugram, Haryana, India

Keywords: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, endocrine, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)

Abstract

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic endocrine disease linked to elevated blood sugar levels and dyslipidemia. This study focused on the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and dyslipidemia in the urban-rural setting of Faridabad. A retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out at the Department of Laboratory Services, Metro Heart Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India. Patient’s data included their demography (urban versus rural), gender, blood analysis (fasting glucose level, HBA1C), and lipid profile-triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and total cholesterol (TC). This study included 590 urban and 357 rural patients, with more than 60% males. The prevalence of T2DM (urban: 36.27%; rural: 6.16%) and dyslipidemia (urban: 90.85%; rural: 80.96%) was higher in urban than in rural patients. The prevalence of fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, TC, and TG was also high in rural patients. No gender differences were observed in HbA1c, TC, and fasting blood sugar levels. In both rural and urban patients, males had higher TG than females. Hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia were more common in urban than rural patients. In urban (34.05%) areas, mixed dyslipidemia was more widespread than in rural (23.24%) areas. Lifestyle, economic status, and hormonal differences may lead to a higher prevalence of T2DM and dyslipidemia in the urban population compared to the rural population.