Antidiabetic and pancreato-protective effect of clove leaf essential oil in diabetic rats: in vivo and silico study

Aizar Vesa Prasetyo; I Gede Krisna Arim Sadeva; Putri Ayu Wulandari; Putu Sinta Elix Wahyuni; I Gede Aswin Parisya Sasmana; Christo Timothy Mamangdean; Desak Made Wihandani

Aizar Vesa Prasetyo Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia
I Gede Krisna Arim Sadeva Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia
Putri Ayu Wulandari Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia
Putu Sinta Elix Wahyuni Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia
I Gede Aswin Parisya Sasmana Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia
Christo Timothy Mamangdean Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia
Desak Made Wihandani Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia

Keywords: antidiabetic, clove leaf, diabetes mellitus, essential oil, eugenol

Abstract

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disease that causes pancreas defects and insulin deficiency, which can lead to several complications. Clove leaf essential oil was found to control glycemic levels and protect the pancreatic tissue. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the antidiabetic and pancreatic-protective effects of clove leaf essential oil in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. A true experimental post-test was conducted only to evaluate the effect of clove leaf essential oil administration on alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The phytochemical content was determined by the Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry method. Blood glucose levels were measured after two weeks of clove leaf essential oil administration. Computational and histopathology analyses were also performed. Clove leaf essential oil contained 66.5% eugenol and significantly reduced fasting glucose levels of diabetic rats in the treatment group (p=0.013). In silico results showed that eugenol had higher energy binding to albumin compared to glucose (-Δ2.75 vs. -Δ1.27 kcal/mol), thus reducing glucose-albumin-induced oxidative stress and protecting the pancreatic cell. The histopathological changes of the pancreas showed a better morphology of islet cells in the treatment group. Clove leaf essential oil has antidiabetic and pancreatic-protective effects in diabetic rats.